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Vascular malformations, a spectrum of congenital vascular developmental disorders, are categorized by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) into distinct types, including capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations [1]. Despite their rarity, vascular malformations pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In particular, tracheal vascular malformations...
Zhang Min et al.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2025; 20(1): 64
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Zhang Min et al.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2025; 20(1): 64
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Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common congenital vascular malformations and are characterized by abnormally dilated venous channels. The estimated incidence is approximately 1–2 per 10,000 births, with a prevalence of around 0.02% [1]. VMs can lead to significant pathological or systemic complications, including pain, functional impairment, and cosmetic deformities [2]. They most frequently...
Zou Zheng-zheng et al.
BMC Medical Imaging 2026; 26(1): 75
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Zou Zheng-zheng et al.
BMC Medical Imaging 2026; 26(1): 75
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a frequent and progressive complication of end-stage kidney disease in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis [1, 2]. Persistent disruptions in calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D balance stimulate progressive parathyroid hyperplasia and excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone [3]. When inadequately controlled, SHPT can lead to bone remodeling disorders,...
Shigidi Mazin M. T. et al.
BMC Nephrology 2026; 27(1): 101
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Shigidi Mazin M. T. et al.
BMC Nephrology 2026; 27(1): 101
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Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations (CPAM) are leftacterised by cystic abnormalities of the lung. The five subtypes can be classified by cellular composition and cellular arrangement within the cyst, and cyst size [1]. Although CPAM is still considered to be rare, the incidence is most likely higher due to better implementation and improved quality of prenatal ultrasounds. The estimated incidence...
van Horik Cathy et al.
Respiratory Research 2025; 27(1): 56
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van Horik Cathy et al.
Respiratory Research 2025; 27(1): 56
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